Renal failure is a progressive disease of the kidneys, whose treatment entails the need to restrict a large amount of food, especially in advanced stages of the disease.
Due to strong dietary restrictions, patients with chronic kidney failure can not get enough vitamins from the diet and should be supplemented.
Patients and family members should know that there are a number of foods and nutritional supplements that can help improve the quality of life and progression of the disease.
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Among the nutrients recommended in patients with chronic renal failure, because they can not be obtained from the diet, we have: vitamin C and water-soluble vitamins such as thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, folic acid (in the form of 5- Methyl-tetrahydrofolate), vitamin B12 (in the form of methyl cobalabine) and niacin.
Folic acid and vitamin B12 are especially advisable when you are undergoing cancer treatments or other pharmacological treatments that affect the renewal of these vitamins. It is important to administer these two vitamins in their “methyl” or “methylated” form.
Vitamin D is another vitamin to be given even if you take the sun, because part of its metabolism, which passes in the kidneys, will be affected due to kidney failure.
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When do you start giving supplements? When the patient with kidney disease has to start to decrease potassium, it is convenient to use these supplements, since most vitamins are lost by soaking and cooking, or are not obtained from the diet by restricting fruits and vegetables.
Depending on the professional, different doses of vitamins can be prescribed, depending on what the doctor considers most appropriate. The minimum requirements for kidney patient vitamins are as follows:
There are supplements in the market specially designed for patients with chronic renal failure. These are the ones that control the amount of protein, sodium, potassium and magnesium they contain. Among these are: Nephrovit, Renamil, Suplena, Renapro (pre-dialysis) and Nepro, Renergy, Renilon (dialysis).
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Most nutritional preparations, such as milkshakes, powders or protein sachets, are only given in advanced disease, when through diet it is not possible to provide adequate protein, or to control minerals adequately.
In kidney failure the use of infusions is NOT desirable, and in addition, many plants are contraindicated. For example, the use of horsetail, horse chestnut, or other strong diuretics that directly stimulate the kidneys is not appropriate.
Also infusions or licorice candies, with a dangerous hypertensive effect, or other remedies such as cascara sagrada, or any type of essential oil, are not suitable.
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Accepting these important limitations, it is not necessary to give up the use of other treatments that help improve the quality of life and kidney disease.
There are a number of medicinal plants and supplements with renoprotective properties (they protect the renal function), that may be advisable in the diet for chronic renal failure.
Consult with the physician about the suitability of previous treatments and supplements, and use only those that are most appropriate. They offer you an excellent option to improve the quality of life and progression of kidney disease.
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To facilitate some of this information, has compiled a list of recommended foods and an example of a weekly menu for chronic kidney disease. You can obtain them in the following links:Chronic Kidney failure or chronic renal failure (CRF) or chronic terminal kidney disorder is very common these days with loss of kidney functions. The alteration in kidney functions is visible in the form of swelling on the face and feet, fatigue, muscular weakness, dry, itchy skin. Mainly the diabetes, hypertension, urinary tract obstructions and immunological disorders are the cause of chronic renal failure. The severity of this CRF is graded from stage I to V depending upon the kidney functions.
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs. Each kidney is about the size of a fist. Healthy kidneys function to remove extra water and wastes, help control blood pressure, keep body chemicals in balance, keep bones strong, tell your body to make red blood cells and help children grow normally. Kidney disease occurs when kidneys are no longer able to clean toxins and waste product from the blood and perform their functions to full capacity. This can happen all of a sudden (Acute) or over time (Chronic). Kidney disease can get worse over time and may lead to kidney failure. If less than 15 percent of your kidney is working normally, that’s considered kidney failure. You may have symptoms from the buildup of waste products and extra water in your body.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is the term that has recently replaced the term ARF. AKI is defined as an abrupt (within hours) decrease in kidney function, which encompasses both injury (structural damage) and impairment (loss of function). It is a syndrome that rarely has a sole and distinct pathophysiology. Many patients with AKI have a mixed aetiology where the presence of sepsis, ischaemia and nephrotoxicity often co-exist and complicate recognition and treatment. Furthermore the syndrome is quite common among patients without critical illness and it is essential that health care professionals, particularly those without specialisation in renal disorders, detect it easily.
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Classification of AKI includes pre-renal AKI, acute post-renal obstructive nephropathy and intrinsic acute kidney diseases. Of these, only ‘intrinsic’ AKI represents true kidney disease, while pre-renal and post-renal AKI are the consequence of extra-renal diseases leading to the decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). If these pre- and/or post-renal conditions persist, they will eventually evolve to renal cellular damage and hence intrinsic renal disease. (Ref https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5198510/)
A patient is said to have chronic kidney disease (CKD) if they have abnormalities of kidney function or structure present for more than 3 months. The definition of CKD includes all individuals with markers of kidney damage or those with an eGFR of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 on at least 2 occasions 90 days apart (with or without markers of kidney damage).
* Urination changes:- Urine may become foamy or bubbly; urination may be more or less often; amounts of urine may be greater or less than usual; urine color may be more darker or paler than usual; there maybe blood in the urine; urinating may be difficult
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* Swelling:- When your kidneys don’t work, excess fluid isn’t removed from your body. It can build up and cause swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, face, and/or hands.
* Fatigue:- The kidneys make a hormone called erythropoietin, or EPO, which tells your body to make oxygen-carrying red blood cells. If your kidneys are damaged, they make less EPO, which means fewer red blood cells are available to carry oxygen. This is called anemia, and itwhich can be treated.
* Metallic Taste in Mouth/Ammonia Breath:- When waste builds up in the blood it is called uremia. This can make food taste different and cause bad breath.
Kidney Failure Treatment
* Shortness of Breath:- Extra fluid in the body can build up in the lungs. This build up, combined with anemia, can result in shortness of breath.
* Dizziness and Trouble Concentrating:- Due to brain not getting enough oxygen because of anemia, one can feel dizziness, memory and concentration issues.
The kidneys are mentioned as vrikka in Ayurveda. Shotha is the name for swelling. Some books in Ayurveda have mentioned vrikka vicar (kidney disorders) separately while many have elaborately described the shotha vicar its types and effective methods to manage them.
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According to Ayurveda urine formation starts in intestine itself although filtration takes place in kidneys. Imbalance of agni (fire element ) disturbs the process of formation and filtration of urine, Malformed urine leads to accumulation of wastes in the body.This unwanted accumulation is known as ‘ama sanchaya’ (toxin accumulation) in Ayurveda. This ‘ama’ accumulation manifests as – loss of appetite, tiredness, heaviness, puffiness around the eyes excess water in the later stages and abnormal values of Creatitnine, Urea ,GFR e.t.c. On the basis of different factors, damage at different levels of filtration apparatus can take place. So, Chronic kidney disease is a condition of the mutravaha srotas (The body channel that is related to the urinary system of the body and its normal functioning). The damage to the tissues is contributed by the imbalance in the three doshas (body humors - Air, Fire and Ether/ Vata, Pitta and Kapha) mainly the vitiated Vata element and the raised Kapha element which leads to the blockage of various channels of the Mutra vaha srotasa leading to impaired functioning of the kidneys.
The Ayurvedic treatment of chronic renal failure is based on three principles: (i) Helping the damaged kidneys - The damage done to the kidneys can be managed using herbal combinations like Punarnavadi Guggulu, Gokshuradi Guggulu, Gomutra Haritaki, Chandraprabha Vati and Punarnavadi Qadha (decoction). Herbal medicines useful in this condition are: Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa), Gokshur (Tribulus terrestris), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Daruharidra (Berberis aristata) and Patol (Tricosanthe dioica). (ii) Treating the body tissues (dhatus) which make up the kidneys - According to Ayurveda, the kidneys are made up of the Rakta and Meda dhatus. Treating these two dhatus is also an effective way to help the kidneys. Herbs used are: Patol, Saariva, Patha (Cissampelos pareira), Musta (Cyperus rotundus), Kutki (Picrorrhiza kurroa), Chirayta (Swertia chirata), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Chandan (Santalum album) and Shunthi (Zinziber officinalis). (iii) Treating the known cause - Ayurvedic herbal remedies are especially useful in treating renal causes resulting in acute organ failure, which
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