Pulmonology (/ˌ p ʌ l m ə ˈ n ɒ l ə dʒ i / , /ˌ p ʊ l m ə ˈ n ɒ l ə dʒ i / , from Latin pulmō, -ōnis lung and the Greek suffix -λογία -logía study of), pneumology (/n ʊ ˈ m ɒ l ə dʒ i , n j ʊ -/ , built on Greek πνεύμων pneúmōn lung) or pneumonology
(/n ʊ m ə n ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i , n j ʊ -/ ) is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract.
Pulmonology is considered a branch of internal medicine, and is related to intsive care medicine. Pulmonology oft involves managing patits who need life support and mechanical vtilation. Pulmonologists are specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complicated chest infections.
Pulmonary Medicine Associates
One of the first major discoveries relevant to the field of pulmonology was the discovery of pulmonary circulation. Originally, it was thought that blood reaching the right side of the heart passed through small 'pores' in the septum into the left side to be oxygated, as theorized by Gal; however, the discovery of pulmonary circulation disproves this theory, which had previously be accepted since the 2nd ctury. Thirteth-ctury anatomist and physiologist Ibn Al-Nafis accurately theorized that there was no 'direct' passage betwe the two sides (vtricles) of the heart. He believed that the blood must have passed through the pulmonary artery, through the lungs, and back into the heart to be pumped around the body. This is believed by many to be the first scitific description of pulmonary circulation.
Although pulmonary medicine only began to evolve as a medical specialty in the 1950s, William Welch and William Osler founded the 'part' organization of the American Thoracic Society,
Wh the specialty did begin to evolve, several discoveries were being made linking the respiratory system and the measuremt of arterial blood gases, attracting more and more physicians and researchers to the developing field.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (copd)
Wh dealing with patits who require mechanical vtilation. As a result, many pulmonologists are certified to practice critical care medicine in addition to pulmonary medicine. There are fellowship programs that allow physicians to become board certified in pulmonary and critical care medicine simultaneously. Intervtional pulmonology is a relatively new field within pulmonary medicine
Pulmonologists oft perform specialized procedures to get samples from the inside of the chest or inside of the lung. They use radiographic techniques to view vasculature of the lungs and heart to assist with diagnosis.
Medication is the most important treatmt of most diseases of pulmonology, either by inhalation (bronchodilators and steroids) or in oral form (antibiotics, leukotrie antagonists). A common example being the usage of inhalers in the treatmt of inflammatory lung conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxyg therapy
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Has be defined as a multidimsional continuum of services directed to persons with pulmonary disease and their families, usually by an interdisciplinary team of specialists, with the goal of achieving and maintaining the individual's maximum level of indepdce and functioning in the community. Pulmonary rehabilitation
Is intded to educate the patit, the family, and improve the overall quality of life and prognosis for the patit. Intervtions can include exercise, education, emotional support, oxyg, noninvasive mechanical vtilation, optimization of airway secretion clearance, promoting compliance with medical care to reduce numbers of exacerbations and hospitalizations, and returning to work and/or a more active and emotionally satisfying life. These goals are appropriate for any patits with diminished respiratory reserve whether due to obstructive or intrinsic pulmonary diseases (oxygation impairmt) or neuromuscular weakness (vtilatory impairmt). A pulmonary rehabilitation team
May include a rehabilitation physician, a pulmonary medicine specialist, physician assistant and allied health professionals including a rehabilitation nurse, a respiratory therapist, a speech-language pathologist, a physical therapist, an occupational therapist, a psychologist, and a social worker among others. Additionally, breathing games are used to motivate childr to perform pulmonary rehabilitation.
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In the United States, pulmonologists are physicians who, after receiving a medical degree (MD or DO), complete residcy training in internal medicine, followed by at least two additional years of subspeciality fellowship training in pulmonology.
After satisfactorily completing a fellowship in pulmonary medicine, the physician is permitted to take the board certification examination in pulmonary medicine. After passing this exam, the physician is th board certified as a pulmonologist. Most pulmonologists complete three years of combined subspecialty fellowship training in pulmonary medicine and critical care medicine.
Are physicians who, after receiving a medical degree (MD, DO, MBBS, MBBCh, etc.), complete residcy training in pediatrics, followed by at least three additional years of subspeciality fellowship training in pulmonology. Pediatric pulmonologists treat diseases of the airways, lungs, respiratory mechanics and aerodigestive system.
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment
Physician Assistants commonly work in collaboration with physicians in the field of pulmonology. They are qualified to diagnose and treat Pulmonary conditions with the permission of a physician.
Pulmonologists are involved in both clinical and basic research of the respiratory system, ranging from the anatomy of the respiratory epithelium to the most effective treatmt of pulmonary hypertsion. Scitific research also takes place to look for causes and possible treatmt in diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer.All articles published by are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by , including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https:///openaccess.
Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.
Global, Regional, And National Disease Burden Estimates Of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections Due To Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Children Younger Than 5 Years In 2019: A Systematic Analysis
Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.
By Adriana Calderaro Adriana Calderaro Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar * , Mirko Buttrini Mirko Buttrini Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar , Benedetta Farina Benedetta Farina Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar , Sara Montecchini Sara Montecchini Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar , Flora De Conto Flora De Conto Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar and Carlo Chezzi Carlo Chezzi Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the focus of developments in public health, given their widespread distribution and the high morbidity and mortality rates reported worldwide. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic or mild infection to severe or fatal disease. Rapidity is required in diagnostics to provide adequate and prompt management of patients. The current algorithm for the laboratory diagnosis of RTIs relies on multiple approaches including gold-standard conventional methods, among which the traditional culture is the most used, and innovative ones such as molecular methods, mostly used to detect viruses and atypical bacteria. The implementation of molecular methods with syndromic panels has the potential to be a powerful decision-making tool for patient management despite requiring appropriate use of the test in different patient populations. Their use radically reduces time-to-results and increases the detection of clinically relevant pathogens compared to conventional methods. Moreover, if implemented wisely and interpreted cautiously, syndromic panels can improve antimicrobial use and patient outcomes, and optimize laboratory workflow. In this review, a narrative overview of the main etiological, clinical, and epidemiological features of RTI is reported, focusing on the laboratory diagnosis and the potentialities of syndromic panels.
Key Things To Know About Lung Infections Caused By Fungi
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the focus of developments in public health, given their widespread distribution and the high morbidity and mortality rates reported worldwide [1]. The RTIs are defined as diseases of infectious etiology involving the respiratory system [2]. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic or mild infection to severe or fatal disease, and the severity is the result of the interaction between three factors: the causative agent, the environmental conditions, and the host [1]. These infections typically occur as acute disease with a rapid clinical onset ranging from hours to days after the infection and including a variety of symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, coryza, shortness of breath, wheezing, and/or difficulty in breathing [1]. The epidemiology of RTIs is continually evolving following rapid sociodemographic changes and certainly climate change [3, 4]. In addition to being the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide, especially among children and elderly, RTIs are the most frequent reason for consultation or admission to health-care facilities and primary care, and they are reported to have a significant impact on the increasing requests for medical examinations at both medical offices and emergency departments, on antimicrobial prescriptions, and on hospitalizations [1, 5]. In addition, new epidemiological data highlight the considerable impact of RTIs on the quality and the expectancy of life, as well as the severe threat to populations and
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